The Red Mangrove, RhizophoraĪbundant in tropical swamps of both hemispheres. Tannin and gradually became more important as other sources diminished. European oaks are used in England and on continental Europe. alba, are used to someĮxtent but they have lower amounts of tannin. Red Oak, Quercus borealis, and White Oak, Q. TheĬalifornia Tanbark Oak, Lithocarpus densi f lora, was utilized since Stain the leather with a yellowish color. The Black Oak, Quercus velutina, produces quercitron The Chestnut Oak, QuercusĮxtract with 26-30 percent tannin is widely used for heavy leathers. Some attention was also given to the Western Hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla. With 28-30 percent tanning became available. Sheepskins and for sole and other leathers, either by itself or in Pressure on the forests was so great as to practically eliminate the Had been the main domestic source of tannin in the United States from the Scarce other sources, such as sumac and canaigre, were utilized and someĬoncentrated extracts with high tannin content are generally utilized. To the west and south when hemlock supplies became scarce. Thereafter the industry gradually shifted The latter because of the abundant hemlock bark available there. Scarcely 20 years after there were more than 50 tanneries in New In the United States the first tannery wasĮstablished in Virginia in 1630. Used several native plants to cure the hides of buffalo. The Romans used oak bark for tanning animal hides and the Amerindians Hill (1952) described the tanning industry as very old, possiblyīeing tanned in China before 1,000 B.C. Value for other purposes, so that the extraction of tannin is usually Only a few species have a sufficient quantity to be of commercialĬell sap or in other definite areas in bark, wood, leaves, roots, fruits and Their astringent nature makes them usefulĪlso utilized in oil drilling to reduce the viscosity of the drill without Tannins also react with salts of iron toįorm dark-blue or greenish-black compounds, the basis of common inks. Skins, to form a strong, flexible, resistant insoluble substance known asĬharacteristic, tannin-containing materials are in great demand.

Of their ability to unite with certain types of proteins, such as those in animal Their biological function is inįormation of cork or pigments, or with the protection of the plant. Glucosidal, which have an acid reaction and are very astringent. Illustrations : Dyes Dyes & Pigments Metal Pigments Wood Dyes Logwood (dyes) Fustic (dyes) Cutch Osage Orange Sappanwood Brazilwood Barwood Camwood Red Sanderswood Red Sandalwood Leaf Dyes Indigo Chlorophyll Henna Woad Weld Root/Tuber Dyes Madder Alkanna Turmeric Bark Dyes Quercitron Lokao Flavin Chinese Green Flower Dyes Safflower Saffron Fruit Dyes Persian Berries Sap Green Dyes from Seeds Annatto Urucú Gum Resin Gamboge Dyes from Lichens Archil Cudbear Litmus Manufacture Carbon Inks Tannin Inks Colored Inks Dyes & (tanning) Algarobilla Fruit (tanning) ValoniaĪcorn Cups (tanning) Canaigre Roots (tanning) Palmetto Sumac Leaves (tanning) Gambier Leaves (tanning) Myrobalanįruit (tanning) Divi-Divi Fruit (tanning) Tara Fruit Wood (tanning) American Sumac Leaves (tanning) Sicilian (tanning) Wattle (tanning) Chestnut Wood (tanning) Quebracho Tanning Substances Hemlock (tanning) Oak (tanning) Mangrove [to search for Subject Matter, depress Ctrl/F

Acorn tannin for tanning hides